Bio-energy from forests
|
We recommend you too promote school projects that has a goal too investigate local conditions and make activities connecting too the use of wood as energy source and also focus on reforestation.12.08.2009
An important part of looking after our forests are the policies, laws and codes which are developed to protect them. This theme has two parts, the first part involved exploring forest policies at a national level, and the second involved developing a code for a local forest
1. Forest Laws in our country: here you will need to explore briefly the legislation in your country regarding forests. What laws are there in your country to protect forests? For whom are these laws written? How are these laws enforced? Do these laws take into consideration an ecological understanding of forests, an economic dimension and a socio-cultural understanding of forests?
2. A Code for our Forest: here you need to develop a code of conduct, or a policy, for a forest near to your school. Briefly describe the forest and why it is important to you. Then list some ways in which we can look after the forest including how we should behave when visiting the forest. This will be your Forest Code.
Contributions to this theme come from:
Turkey
Bulgaria - - Learn about the protection and development of forests according to the Turkish Constitution. The law not only protects forests but people who live near the forest too. You can also learn about a school's efforts of preserving their local forest.
The contribution from Bulgaria was a joint effort of the Learning About Forests national coordinator and teachers who did research on the laws about forests in Bulgaria, and the children who considered what might be an appropriate law or code for their own local forests near to their school.
Turkey Bulgaria - - Learn about the protection and development of forests according to the Turkish Constitution. The law not only protects forests but people who live near the forest too. You can also learn about a school's efforts of preserving their local forest.The contribution from Bulgaria was a joint effort of the Learning About Forests national coordinator and teachers who did research on the laws about forests in Bulgaria, and the children who considered what might be an appropriate law or code for their own local forests near to their school.
From: Yüksel Ergen
Learn about the protection and development of forests according to the Turkish Constitution. The law not only protects forests but people who live near the forest too. You can also learn about a school's efforts of preserving their local forest.
Learn about the protection and development of forests according to the Turkish Constitution. The law not only protects forests but people who live near the forest too. You can also learn about a school's efforts of preserving their local forest.
Yüksel Ergen writes: We arranged a trip to the forest of Tepecik Municipality near the Büyükçekmece Lake which is 30 km from our school on 07.06.2002. We did the environment cleaning with about 60 grade 7 students. We made an official agreement on the preservation of the forest with the officers of the municipality. Warning signs about the protecting and preserving the environment and the forest were put at the entrance of the forest.
A visit to the Tepecik forest in June 2002.
The Turkish Constitution
The following is a summary of Paragraphs 169-170 concerning forestry. These paragraphs address both the protection and development of forests as well as the protection of people who live in forest villages.
A. The Protection and Development of Forests
The government has put into place the necessary laws to protect the forests, to enlarge the areas and take precautions. New forests are grown in the place of the burnt forests; other kinds of agriculture and cattledealing cannot take place in these areas. The government supervises all forests.
The property right of the state forests cannot be given to another owner. According to the state government law, these forests are managed and run by the government. These forests cannot be owned with prescription and can be the subject of servitude other than public benefit. None of the other activities that will destroy the forests are allowed. Political propaganda which lead to the destruction of the forests is prohibited. Crimes with the aim of burning the forests, destroying or decreasing them cannot be forgiven.
Forests areas cannot be decreased except the places which have no scientific use and which have definite benefits to change into agricultural areas and the fields which have lost their scientific forest features before 31.12.1981 or the city, town, village building areas.
B. Protection of Forest Villagers
The Constitution also addresses the development of the people in the forest or near the forest, for the protection of the forests, with precautions to enable the government and the public, the reuse of the areas which have lost their scientific forest features before 31.12.1981; the determination of areas which have lost their forest features; the inhibition of the whole or a part of the forest villagers in these areas are regulated with the laws.
The government takes the precautions to ease the tools and other expenses. The fields which belong to the villagers who are transferred from these fields are planted by the government.
The following is a summary of Paragraphs 169-170 concerning forestry. These paragraphs address both the protection and development of forests as well as the protection of people who live in forest villages.
A. The Protection and Development of Forests
The government has put into place the necessary laws to protect the forests, to enlarge the areas and take precautions. New forests are grown in the place of the burnt forests; other kinds of agriculture and cattledealing cannot take place in these areas. The government supervises all forests.
The property right of the state forests cannot be given to another owner. According to the state government law, these forests are managed and run by the government. These forests cannot be owned with prescription and can be the subject of servitude other than public benefit. None of the other activities that will destroy the forests are allowed. Political propaganda which lead to the destruction of the forests is prohibited. Crimes with the aim of burning the forests, destroying or decreasing them cannot be forgiven.
Forests areas cannot be decreased except the places which have no scientific use and which have definite benefits to change into agricultural areas and the fields which have lost their scientific forest features before 31.12.1981 or the city, town, village building areas.
B. Protection of Forest Villagers
The Constitution also addresses the development of the people in the forest or near the forest, for the protection of the forests, with precautions to enable the government and the public, the reuse of the areas which have lost their scientific forest features before 31.12.1981; the determination of areas which have lost their forest features; the inhibition of the whole or a part of the forest villagers in these areas are regulated with the laws.
The government takes the precautions to ease the tools and other expenses. The fields which belong to the villagers who are transferred from these fields are planted by the government.
From: Stanimir K. Georgiev
The contribution from Bulgaria was a joint effort of the Learning About Forests national coordinator and teachers who did research on the laws about forests in Bulgaria, and the children who considered what might be an appropriate law or code for their own local forests near to their school.
The contribution from Bulgaria was a joint effort of the Learning About Forests national coordinator and teachers who did research on the laws about forests in Bulgaria, and the children who considered what might be an appropriate law or code for their own local forests near to their school.
Relations between man and the forest in Bulgaria are regulated by the Law of the Forest, accepted in 1997 and the rules for its application, accepted in 1998.
The Law of the Forest concerns the ownership and use of the forests – the management, reproduction and protection of the forests in the Republic of Bulgaria. The aim of the Law is the preservation of Bulgarian forests as a national treasure – main habitat factor, through their reproduction, sustainable development and multi-purpose usage, benefiting both the owners and society. The Law gives clear descriptions and explanation of what the forest is and what different kinds of forests exist here in Bulgaria, depending on their purpose and function.
The Law of the Forest has the following chapters:
I. Common Regulations:
1. Forests and Forest Fund /Capital
2. Ownership
3. Changes in the Forest Fund /Capital
1. Forests and Forest Fund /Capital
2. Ownership
3. Changes in the Forest Fund /Capital
II. Organization of the Forest Fund:
1. Management of the Forest Fund
2. Organization and account of the forests
3. Officials in the forest
1. Management of the Forest Fund
2. Organization and account of the forests
3. Officials in the forest
III. Reproduction of the forests:
1. Creation of new forests and fighting the erosion
2. Cultivation, sanitary and renovation felling
1. Creation of new forests and fighting the erosion
2. Cultivation, sanitary and renovation felling
IV. Utilization of forests and lands in the Forest Fund:
1. Common regulations
2. Concessions
3. Utilization of the wood
4. Utilization of secondary products
1. Common regulations
2. Concessions
3. Utilization of the wood
4. Utilization of secondary products
V. Protection of forests and lands in the Forest Fund:
1. Common regulations
2. Protection
3. Guarding
4. Control
1. Common regulations
2. Protection
3. Guarding
4. Control
VI. Construction in the forests
VII. Financing of the forest industries:
1. Common regulations
2. Incomes in the “Bulgarian Forest” Fund
3. Expenses from the “Bulgarian Forest” Fund
1. Common regulations
2. Incomes in the “Bulgarian Forest” Fund
3. Expenses from the “Bulgarian Forest” Fund
VIII. Administrative-punitive regulations
IX. Additional regulations
The Rules for the application of the Law of the Forest follow the structure of the Law and give additional explanations and interpretations its main regulations.
Children’s contributions
The Request of the Forest
Man, I am the shelter of your house,
Table of your dinner, bed on which you sleep,
The wood, from which you build everything.
I give warmth to your fireplace during the
cold winter nights,
And pleasant shadow against summer sun.
I generously feed your herds with my juicy leaves.
My ancestors lie deep in the ground
And you use them for heating.
With my streams and rivers
I water your gardens
And with my green shield
I protect your earth from floods.
Listen to my request:
Use me, but do not destroy me!
Table of your dinner, bed on which you sleep,
The wood, from which you build everything.
I give warmth to your fireplace during the
cold winter nights,
And pleasant shadow against summer sun.
I generously feed your herds with my juicy leaves.
My ancestors lie deep in the ground
And you use them for heating.
With my streams and rivers
I water your gardens
And with my green shield
I protect your earth from floods.
Listen to my request:
Use me, but do not destroy me!
Code for our Forest
1. Do not break or destroy flowers, bushes, trees!
2. Do not tread on flowers – let them bloom and make happy the people coming after you! Do not pick forest flowers – they are delicate and will not last long in a vase. Some of them are herbs. Do not pick herbs and mushrooms with the roots!
3. Do not peel the bark of the trees!
4. Do not engrave anything on the trunk of the trees.
5. Do not break the branches and leaves of the trees, because they are living beings like us and you will hurt them in this way! Every broken branch is a wound.
6. Do not fell trees randomly!
7. Do not kill forest animals – in this way you destroy the natural balance and the biodiversity of the forest eco-systems! Let’s preserve the natural wildlife – it is a priceless treasure!
8. Do not kill birds and do not destroy their nests! Birds are irreplaceable sanitary protectors of nature!
9. Do not hunt in protected areas and out of the determined periods of the hunting seasons!
10. Do not use slings and stones, while walking in the forests or park – you will surely hurt a living creature – tree, plant, animal, bird, man!
11. Do not kill insects! If you see an ant-hill – mark it, so that someone will not step on it after you!
12. Do not make fire in the forest! Do not throw burning matches, cigarettes or inflammable things and substances!Do not burn stubbles!
13. Do not throw waste in the forest! Do not litter the forest meadows, streams, rivers!
14. Do not disturb the peace of the forest inhabitants – it is their home – let them feel safe in it!
